The gonadotropin (GtH) subunit GtHα, FSHβ and LHβ cDNAs were cloned from ovary of rock carp (Procypris rabaudi) through RT-PCR. The nucleotide sequences of GtHα, FSHβ and LHβ are 357, 393 and 444 base pairs (bp) in length, respectively. The open reading frame (ORF) of GtHα encodes 118 amino acid residues of peptide, and the first 23 amino acids comprise a signal peptide. The ORF of FSHβ encodes 130 amino acid residues of peptide, and the first 22 amino acids comprise a signal peptide. The ORF of LHβ encodes 147 amino acid residues of peptide, and the first 28 amino acids comprise a signal peptide. Sequence similarity of GtHα subunit between rock carp and other fish species or vertebrates are much higher than that of FSHβ and LHβ subunits, showing that GtHα subunit is more conservative than FSHβ and LHβ subunits. Expression analysis by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) revealed that GtHα was ubiquitously expressed in all six tissues examined; the highest level of GtHα transcript was detected in ovary; the expression levels in liver, brain, heart, pituitary and muscle descended in order. FSHβ was expressed in all tissues except for muscle; the FSHβ mRNA was abundantly expressed in ovary, to a lesser extent in brain and heart, at low level in liver and pituitary. LHβ was only expressed in ovary and pituitary, and the expression in ovary was significantly higher than that in pituitary.