The investigation on the avifauna and resources was carried out in Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve and its adjacent areas, including Kunlun Mountain, Qimantag and Kumkol Basin from 2010 to 2012. A total of 166 avian species belonging to 16 orders, 38 families and 90 genera were recorded in the region, accounting for 36.6% of the total bird species in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Among them, Golden-rumped Swallow (Hirundo daurica), Eastern Crowned Warbler (Phylloscopus coronatus) and Japanese Sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis) are the first records of birds occurred in Xinjiang. The investigation area is between Inner-Mongolia-Xinjiang Region and Qinghai-Tibet Region. Avifauna is characterized by inter-permeation between the Tibetan Type (23 species, 13.9%) and Central Asian Type (49 species, 29.9%). About 69 (42.1%) species belong to the North Type, but most of them are migrants. The Oriental Type is rare (only 1 species, 0.6%). The Yixiekepati is an important wetland for birds’ breeding and migration.