Acipenseriforme fishes originating from polyploidy fish are easy to undergo interspecific hybridization. Furthermore, their abundant mini-chromosomes make it hard to determine their chromosome number and ploidy. So far, reports about the genome size and chromosome ploidy of some sturgeon species including Kaluga Sturgeon (Huso dauricus), are still controversial. In this study, microsatellite genetic markers were used to observe the number of alleles of nine microsatellite loci, and ploidy patterns of 26 Kaluga individuals were analyzed with the help of polyploidy analysis software POLYSAT. We found that most loci showed greater than diploidy, with 20 of 26 Kaluga individuals were hexaploid, 4 individuals were octoploid, and the remaining 2 were tetraploid. Therefore, Kaluga sturgeon should be classified as octaploid species, and its hexaploidy and tetraploidy might be a result of partial homozygous allele existing in the loci we used in some individuals. Our results support the recent opinion that Kaluga sturgeon belongs to evolutionary octaploid group.