Chinese Grouse (Tetrastes sewerzowi) is an endemic bird distributed in the alpine coniferous forest in central and western China, and listed as first rank of national key protected wild animals. To investigate the spring territory behavior of the Chinese Grouse, we conducted decoy experiment at Lianhuashan Nature Reserve in Gansu Province of west China during April-May in 2012. We aimed to assess the differences of territority among individuals and in different periods of the breeding season, and analyzed the correlation between aggressiveness and territory quality. We found that the territory defense behavior can be divided into five levels according to the aggressiveness, including identification, alarm, chasing, confrontation and jumping combat. We also detected 4 types of alarm calls. According to the decoy expriment of 6 radioed males, we found male territory defense behavior varied significantly among individuals, and males were significantly more aggressive when not paired. The aggressiveness of males was related to the willow cover in their territories.