As a pair of sister-species, the Sillem’s Rosefinch (Carpodacus sillemi) and Tibetan Rosefinch (C. roborowskii) are two endemic birds with limited distribution in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Since they were discovered and described, knowledge of the biology of the two birds has been very limited with scarce studies and reports, and the Sillem’s Rosefinch is one of the least known birds in the world. Based on the existing literatures, and data obtained from our own field observations, we summarized the taxonomy, distribution, breeding biology of these two species here. Furthermore, with a preliminary comparison of the juveniles of both rosefinches, we supported the previous taxonomical proposal of both species belonging to the genus of Carpodacus. We encourage more Chinese ornithologists to do researches on this pair of highest altitude living sister-species in the future.