From April to December in 2015, the Wenbi Mountain was taken as the sample area in the core area of Yulong plague foci. Four vertical gradient zones were divided from 2400m above the altitude. The night-trap method was used to investigate the small mammals in four seasons, and the characteristics of vertical space and seasonal niche of small mammals in this area were analyzed. A total of 1 583 small mammals belonging to 23 species were captured. The vertical niche width index ranged from 0 to 0.952 8, and the seasonal niche index ranged from 0 to 0.993 1. After integration, the time (season) niche width index (Bin1) ranged from 0 to 1.705 8, and the time-space 2D niche index (Bin2) ranged from 0 to 1.926 7. Among them, the dominant species, Apodemus chevrieri, A. draco and Eothenomys miletus had higher niche width indexes in vertical space, seasonal and time-space 2D niches, also had higher utilization of time and space resources. The rare species were Micromys minuts, Rattus norvegicus, Sciurotamias forresti, Crocidura horsfieldi, Suncus murinus and Mustela sibirica. The niche width index of vertical space, season and time-space were approximately 0, and the distribution of the resource axis was relatively single. The overlap index (Cih) of vertical space and seasonal is between 0 and 1. The significant species pairs of Cih > 0.3 were 147 and 152, accounting for 58.10% and 60.08% of the total species pairs, respectively, most of them are species pairs composed of dominant species and common species. The niche overlap index of space-time (Pih) is between 0 and 1, there were 208 significant species pairs with Pih > 0.3, accounting for 82.21% of all species pairs. Studies have shown that the niche width index and niche overlap index of dominant and common species of small mammals in Yulong plague foci were higher than those of rare species. But the overall use of space and time resources is reasonable, each group has its own ecological niche in the community, which ensures the relative stability of the community. This survey can provide basic data for the investigation and study of host animals of local plague and other natural foci diseases.