In order to understand the characteristic and microclimate of roosts used by Hipposideros pratti and as well as influencing factors of roost selection, from June 2016 to September 2019, we have investigated 83 potential roosts in ten provinces or municipality located in central and southern China (Fig. 1). Thirteen variables related to the roosts were measured by GPS locator, laser distance meter and digital thermo-hygrometer; the degree of disturbance was assessed based on the frequency of human activities. We also observed the habits of H. pratti continuously during the field work. SPSS was used to conduct independent sample t test, chi-square test and principal component analysis (PCA) to analyzed those data. The habitat preferences of H. pratti showed the significance level at P < 0.05 by the the independent sample t test and chi-square test. The factors affecting roost selection were determined by using principal component analysis. As shown in Table 1, 66 of 83 roosts were occupied by bats and 17 roosts were used by H. pratti. The bats were breeding in the primarily natural caves. As shown in Table 2, comparing the 17 roosts occupied by H. pratti, and the rest 49 roosts occupied by other species of bats. it was found that the former’s roosting located in a height position with the lower temperature. As shown in Table 2 and Table 3, breeding caves used by H. pratti were closer to the nearest water source and had wider entrances, higher temperatures and higher relative humidity than non-breeding caves. However, the hibernation caves had higher relative humidity and lower illuminance than non-hibernation caves. As shown in Table 4, most of the caves had been seriously disturbed, many caves were used as tourist attractions which may disturber the population of H. pratti and resulted the bat population reduction. During the field work, it was found that H. pratti always perched on the highest point near the entrances of roosts, keeping distance of 10﹣15 cm from each other. In the evening, they often came out of caves later than bats with small-body size co-inhabited roosts with H. pratti. H. pratti began to hibernate from mid and late November to April of the following year and they always hibernated in the depth of the cave. In conclusion, H. pratti had strong selection for their roosts.