[Objectives] The Moschus anhuiensis is an endemic species in China and is listed as the first-class national protected animals in China. Its distribution is highly limited to Dabieshan Mountains region in Anhui, Hubei, and Henan Provinces. Our study was carried out to understand the activity rhythm of M. anhuiensis and its differences from other species. [Methods] Forty-three infrared-triggered camera traps were placed in Luotian area of Hubei Dabieshan National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, China to monitor M. anhuiensis and other wildlife from January 2021 to December 2021 (Fig. 1). Based on the monitoring data, we calculated the relative activity intensity index to model daytime-and-night activity rhythm, monthly rhythm, seasonal dynamics, preferred vegetation types, and rhythm-related species of M. anhuiensis. Using the ratio of the number of independently valid photos for a given condition to the total number of independently valid photos, we can calculate the activity preferences of M. anhuiensis andother wildlife as described above. To compare the rhythmic differences between M. anhuiensis and other animals, we selected data from Muntiacus reevesi and Sus scrofa monitored in the reserve for overlapping analysis with the daily activity rhythms of Moschus anhuiensis. All the analyses were conducted in R 4.0.3. The “overlap” package and the “activity” package were used to perform kernel density estimation of the rhythms. The significance of difference was tested using the functions in the “activity” package. [Results] The 43 infrared cameras worked for 10 142 working days and took 1 042 independently valid photos of wild animals, of which 10 infrared cameras captured M. anhuiensis, which was effectively monitored 40 times. The relative abundance index (IRA) of M. anhuiensis was 3.84. The location of infrared cameras (Fig. 2) and the analysis of vegetational activity intensity index (IVAI) indicated that M. anhuiensis is mainly distributed in the core area of the reserve, and deciduous broad-leaved forests are its favorite habitats (χ² = 98.99, df = 2, P < 0.001). The kernel density estimation results showed that two peaks of daily activity are 9:00 to 11:00 and 21:00 to 23:00 (Fig. 4), April and December are the highest peak of monthly activity, and it has a very low activity intensity from June to October (χ² = 22.63, df = 11, P < 0.05) (Fig. 5), its activities vary significantly in the four seasons (χ² = 13.40, df = 3, P < 0.01). M. anhuiensis had a strong ability for nocturnal according to our analysis of circadian rhythms (INRA = 0.64). And we found that the relationship between M. anhuiensis and other species in the reserve is weak according to the analysis of activity rhythm, and there are remarkable differences between the activity rhythm of M. anhuiensis and the other Cetartiodactyla, such as Muntiacus reevesi (Δ = 0.70, P < 0. 05) and S. scrofa (Δ = 0.69, P < 0.05) (Fig. 6). [Conclusion] M. anhuiensis is a nocturnal animal with a bimodal daily activity rhythm, most active in April and December. The activity rhythm of this species is unique and differs significantly from that of the animals in the same region.