Like human language learning or formation, songbirds’ singing is also a vocal learning behavior. There are clear similarities between them, for example, both of them need auditory feedback to participate in the process of vocal learning, and have stronger vocal learning ability in the juvenile stage and control ability of complex acoustic structures and syllable sequences. Despite the great structural differences between the vocal organs of songbirds and humans, the physical mechanism of their vocalization still shows strong similarity. Although songbirds are distantly related to humans compared to mammals, it is suggested that the neural control of songbird singing and human language also have some evolutionary similarities, by comparing their brain stem innate vocal control pathways, which is the basic pathway for vocal behavior, and the location, interconnection, function and gene expression profile of vocal motor pathways and vocal learning pathways at a higher neural level related to vocal learning. These common features make songbirds an ideal model for studying vocal learning. This review compared the vocal organs and neural control pathways of vocal behavior between songbirds and humans, and forecasted the potential application of songbird models in the treatment of human aphasia, to bring theoretical reference for studying the neural mechanism of human language learning and the treatment of language disorders.