北京市野生动物救护中心 北京 101300
张微，女，中级工程师；研究方向：生物多样性保护；E-mail:zwei3191@163.com。
Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center, Beijing 101300, China
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红隼(Falco tinnunculus)被列为国家二级重点保护野生动物，是能同时适应农村和城市环境的小型猛禽，对维持城市生态系统稳定具有重要意义。2022年4月至7月，为在北京救助的7只红隼佩戴了卫星追踪器，追踪其活动轨迹，依据追踪的动物活动位点数据，采用净平方位移-时间曲线依次对各红隼的迁徙模式进行了判别，深入分析了迁徙红隼的迁徙时间、距离和路线等，并采用核心密度法分别计算了迁徙及留居型红隼95%及50%活动区面积。研究结果表明，在北京地区红隼的迁徙模式为部分迁徙，追踪的7只红隼个体(N01 ~ N07)中，4只为留鸟，1只为迁徙鸟，2只居留类型无法准确判断。N01为迁徙红隼，其度夏地和越冬地分别在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟和河北廊坊，此红隼秋季迁徙速度明显高于春季，其春季迁徙距离551 km，历时25 d，平均迁徙速度为22 km/d，而秋季迁徙距离412 km，历时2 d，平均迁徙速度为203 km/d，河北承德滦平县是其春季迁徙的重要中途停歇地。不同红隼个体间95%及50%活动区面积均存在较大差异，迁徙红隼N01 95%、50%活动区面积在度夏区分别为93.10 km2、17.50 km2，在越冬区分别为7.03 km2、0.99 km2；留居型红隼95%、50%活动区面积均值分别为1 165.34 km2、178.71 km2(n = 4)，其中最大95%、50%活动区面积分别为4 320.26 km2(N02)、648.22 km2(N02)，最小95%、50%活动区面积分别为2.80 km2(N03)、0.29 km2(N03)。本研究揭示了北京地区红隼的迁徙模式、迁徙路线、重要停歇地及活动区状况，为红隼的针对性保护和管理提供了科学依据。
[Objectives] The Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus is listed as a national second-class protected animal in China. It is a small raptor that can adapt to both rural and urban environments, and it is of great significance to maintain the stability of urban ecosystem. [Methods] From April to July, 2022, seven Common Kestrels rescued in Beijing were successfully fitted with satellite trackers, and their trajectories were tracked. Based on the tracking data, the migration patterns of each Common Kestrel were identified by using the net squared displacement (NSD)-time curve. The specific migration time, distance and route of migrating Common Kestrel were further analyzed. In addition, 95% and 50% home ranges of migrating and resident Common Kestrels were calculated respectively by using the kernel density estimation (KDE) in the software R 4.1.0. [Results] We found the migration pattern of Common Kestrels in Beijing was partial migration. Among the 7 ind tracked, 4 ind were resident, 1 ind was migratory, and 2 ind could not be determined. The migrating Common Kestrel (N01) migrated from winter habitats in Langfang, Hebei to summer habitats in Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia, in spring (Fig. 2). Its spring migration distance was 551 km, which lasted for 25 d, with an average speed of 22 km/d, and its autumn migration speed was significantly faster than that in spring, with a total migration distance of 412 km, which lasted for 2 d, with an average migration speed of 203 km/d. Luanping County in Hebei was an important migration stopover during spring migration. The kernel density estimation revealed that there were obvious differences in 95% and 50% home ranges among individuals. In summer habitats, home ranges of the migrating Common Kestrel (N01) were 93.10 km2 (95%) and 17.50 km2 (50%), while in winter habitats, those were 7.03 km2 (95%) and 0.99 km2 (50%). The average home ranges of the resident Common Kestrels were 1 165.34 km2 (95%, n = 4) and 178.71 km2 (50%, n = 4). N02 had the largest home ranges, with an area of 4 320.26 km2 (95%) and 648.22 km2 (50%), while N03 had the smallest home ranges, with an area of 2.80 km2 (95%) and 0.29 km2 (50%, Table 2). [Conclusion] The research reveals migratory behaviors, routes, important migration stopover and home ranges of Common Kestrel in Beijing, which provides scientific basis for the targeted protection and management of the Common Kestrel.
引用本文
张微,田颖,张亚琼,李杰,胡严.2024.北京地区红隼的迁徙路线和活动区域.动物学杂志,59(3):349-357.
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- 收稿日期:2023-07-18
- 在线发布日期: 2024-06-17
