Abstract:[Objectives] The Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus is listed as a national second-class protected animal in China. It is a small raptor that can adapt to both rural and urban environments, and it is of great significance to maintain the stability of urban ecosystem. [Methods] From April to July, 2022, seven Common Kestrels rescued in Beijing were successfully fitted with satellite trackers, and their trajectories were tracked. Based on the tracking data, the migration patterns of each Common Kestrel were identified by using the net squared displacement (NSD)-time curve. The specific migration time, distance and route of migrating Common Kestrel were further analyzed. In addition, 95% and 50% home ranges of migrating and resident Common Kestrels were calculated respectively by using the kernel density estimation (KDE) in the software R 4.1.0. [Results] We found the migration pattern of Common Kestrels in Beijing was partial migration. Among the 7 ind tracked, 4 ind were resident, 1 ind was migratory, and 2 ind could not be determined. The migrating Common Kestrel (N01) migrated from winter habitats in Langfang, Hebei to summer habitats in Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia, in spring (Fig. 2). Its spring migration distance was 551 km, which lasted for 25 d, with an average speed of 22 km/d, and its autumn migration speed was significantly faster than that in spring, with a total migration distance of 412 km, which lasted for 2 d, with an average migration speed of 203 km/d. Luanping County in Hebei was an important migration stopover during spring migration. The kernel density estimation revealed that there were obvious differences in 95% and 50% home ranges among individuals. In summer habitats, home ranges of the migrating Common Kestrel (N01) were 93.10 km2 (95%) and 17.50 km2 (50%), while in winter habitats, those were 7.03 km2 (95%) and 0.99 km2 (50%). The average home ranges of the resident Common Kestrels were 1 165.34 km2 (95%, n = 4) and 178.71 km2 (50%, n = 4). N02 had the largest home ranges, with an area of 4 320.26 km2 (95%) and 648.22 km2 (50%), while N03 had the smallest home ranges, with an area of 2.80 km2 (95%) and 0.29 km2 (50%, Table 2). [Conclusion] The research reveals migratory behaviors, routes, important migration stopover and home ranges of Common Kestrel in Beijing, which provides scientific basis for the targeted protection and management of the Common Kestrel.
