[Objectives] Triplophysa erythraea, described in 2019, is a cave-dwelling fish. In July 2021, two samples of T. erythraea were collected from Dalong Cave, Huayuan County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, China. The mitochondrial genome of this species was sequenced, assembled, and annotated to obtain sequence and phylogenetic information. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to obtain the complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA. The assembly, annotation, and sequence analysis were performed, and a phylogenetic tree of the Triplophysa genus was constructed based on mitochondrial protein-coding genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. [Results] The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome is a double-stranded closed-ring structure with a total length of 16 585 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions (Fig. 1). The genome exhibited a significant AT bias (Table 2). In the phylogenetic tree, it formed a branch with T. rosa, T. nasobarbatula, and T. zhenfengensis (Fig. 2). [Conclusion] This study provides basic information on the mitochondrial genome of T. erythraea, reflects its position in the phylogenetic tree, contributes to understanding its evolutionary process, and provides clues for the conservation of this species.