From July 2018 to February 2021, we conducted a survey on the bats diversity and conservation status in Yangxi Provincial Nature Reserve using roost surveying and mist-net catching method. We totally identified 13 species representing to six genera in three families (Table 1). It includes five species of Vespertilionidae, five species of Rhinolophidae and three species of Hipposideridae. Six of 13 species including Rhinolophus rex, Aselliscus stoliczkanus, Hipposideros pratti, Myotis altarium, Myotis chinensis, Pipistrellus abramus were found for the first time in this reserve (Table 1). According to the animal geographical regions of China, 11 species belong to the Oriental Realm, and two species are considered to be widespread. Six species are evaluated as Near Threatened (NT), seven as Least Concern (LC) based on China’s Red list of biodiversity(vertebrates) while only one species as Near Threatened (NT) and 12 species as Least Concern (LC) based on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Table 1). Bats dwell in 20 of 27 surveyed caves. Hipposideros armiger occurred in ten caves and was most widely found. And the following is Rhinolophus pearsonii in 8 caves and R. pusillus in 7 caves (Table 2). Over half of 20 dwellings (55%, Table 2) were disturbed by human activities (e.g., Cave visiting, bats chasing, cave used for livestock, cave sacrifice, destruction of entrance to a cave) which becomes dominant threatening factors for the survival of bats at this area. The strategies as below are suggested to adopt for further species conservation: managing cave visiting by human and livestock (including bat chasing); a conservation education project to better manage cave sacrifice; unblocking the entrance to the cave; and strengthening the repair management for traditional houses of local residents. We also recommend that the long-term survey for bats biodiversity in this reserve should be conducted to understand a dynamic change of species in the future.