[Objectives] The Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) and Yellow-throated Marten (Martes flavigula) are both the national second-class protected species. However, as sypatric species, their ecological niche and coexistence mechanism are nevertheless unclear. [Methods] From September 2013 to December 2018, 37 infrared camera traps were set up in the Foping National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province. Our study area and camera trap sites can be seen from Fig. 1. Based on the monitoring data, we calculated the relative abundance index to model the cluster pattern, daytime-and-night activity rhythm, seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution of these two small and medium sized carnivores. Seasonal activity rhythm were tested by t-test and spatial activity pattern were tested by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Daily activity rhythm was modeled by kernel density method and inverse distance weighted method (weight = 5) was used to draw spatial activity pattern. All the analysis were conducted in R 3.6.3. [Results] There were a total of 72 076 camera working days and captured 290 independent and effective incidents of Leopard Cats and 84 independent and effective incidents of Yellow-throated Martens. The results showed that the Leopard Cat is a typical solitary species, preferring activity in the night (daytime-and-night relative abundance index, DRAI = 77.4%). While the Yellow-throated Marten is more gregarious and more activity in the day time (DRAI = 94.1%) (Fig. 2a). Leopard Cats reach their activity peak in a day between 3:00 and 4:00 am and the activity peak of Yellow-throated Martens appeared at 17:00 (Fig. 2a). The relative seasonal abundance index SRAI of Leopard Cats is significantly higher in the cold season than in the warm season (t = 2.82, df = 11, P < 0.05), while the SRAI of Yellow-throated Marten is significantly higher in the warm season than in the cold season (t =﹣3.09, df = 11, P < 0.05) (Fig. 3a). The monthly relative abundance index MRAI of the two species showed obvious seasonal fluctuations (Fig. 3b). There was significant mutual avoidance between Leopard Cats and Yellow-throated Martens in spatial distribution. However, Leopard Cats is more frequently recorded in the area active moved more frequently in areas closer to human paths than Yellow-throated Martens (Fig. 4a). The camera site abundance of index CRAI to the road within 500 m is significantly higher for Leopard cat’s than that of Yellow-throated Marten (Distance, Wilcoxon rank sum test: P < 0.001) (Fig. 4b). [Conclusion] The two small carnivorous mammals occupied different spatial and temporal ecological niches to reduce competition and achieve coexistence in a large region.