头足类角质颚地标点定量初步研究: 以剑尖枪乌贼为例
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国家重点研发计划项目(No. 2019YFD0901404),国家自然科学基金项目(No. NSFC41876141),上海市科技创新行动计划项目(No. 19DZ1207502),农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放课题(No. LOF 2018-02)


A Preliminary Study on the Quantitative of Beak Landmark of Cephalopod: Uroteuthis edulis as A Case
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    摘要:

    几何形态测量学是头足类角质颚形态分析的重要研究方法,其中包括地标点法和轮廓线法。虽然地标点类型被划分为三种,但基于地标点法的角质颚形态研究对于地标点的选取与建立并没有一个统一的标准,因此探究可以更好地展示角质颚形态变异程度所需要的地标点以及样本数是十分必要的。为探究不同地标点和样本数对角质颚形态分析的影响,本研究利用2018和2019年捕捞的剑尖枪乌贼(Uroteuthis edulis)角质颚样本,使用R语言LaMBDA包LaSEC函数,对300对角质颚样本分别使用10、20、28个地标点和50、80、100、200、300对样本组合,以探讨不同地标点和样本数方案时表示形态变异的平稳度。研究结果表明,地标点数量会使质心大小结果产生误差;为了更好地展示角质颚的形态变异程度,最终确定研究样本在50对以内时,上颚和下颚采用26个地标点;研究样本为50 ~ 300对时采用27个地标点。研究分析认为,基于LaSEC的头足类角质颚地标点和样本定量分析可以拟定表示角质颚形态变异的最佳地标点数量,并通过角质颚形态变异箭头图来明确表示角质颚形态变异的最佳地标点方案,为后续基于地标点法的头足类角质颚形态研究提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    Geometric morphometrics is an important research method for the analysis of the cephalopod beak morphology, geometric morphometrics contains the landmark and outline method. Although the type of landmark is identified, the study of beaks based on the method of landmarks does not have a criterion for the selection of landmarks, so it is necessary to explore how many landmarks and samples are necessary to indicate the best variation of the beak pattern. Based on samples of 300 pairs of Uroteuthis edulis beak caught in 2018﹣2019, traditional morphological measurements of beak are used to explain basic morphological differences. Using the R-language geomorph package “gpagen” and the LaMBDA package “LaSEC” (Landmark Sampling Evaluation Curve) functions, the centroid size of the landmark data of 10, 20, 28 landmarks and 50, 80, 100, 200, 300 pairs of sample combination schemes is calculated, the centroid size is calculated, the landmark sampling evaluation curve is obtained, and the landmarks and sample numbers are explored to best demonstrate the degree of variation of the beak pattern. Finally, the morphological variation point of the whole beak sample is analyzed quantitatively, the point of large variation of the beak pattern is preserved, and the specific punctuation scheme is determined according to the best landmark number scheme. The standard deviation of the 12 morphological parameters of the beak between different samples was found to be large (Table 3), and the size of the beak increased significantly with the increase of the landmark (Fig. 3). Under different schemes, the slope and dispersion degree of the landmark sampling evaluation curve are significantly different, the three landmark schemes reach the optimal fitted value of the number of landmarks are different, 28 landmark scheme sampling curve with the increase of landmark collection subsampling curve slope gradually decreased, the variance gradually decreased (Fig. 4, 5). In order to best show the degree of morphological variation of the beak (F = 0.99), 26 landmarks were used in the upper and lower beak when the beak sample was about 50 pairs; The sample was 50﹣300 using 27 landmarks (Fig. 6). In addition, quantitative analysis of the morphological variation of the overall beak study sample (Fig. 7) found that, under the premise of ensuring the integrity of the beak form, 1﹣2 points were deleted on the basis of 28 landmark schemes to arrive at the best landmark scheme, that is, 26 landmarks: the upper beak deleted landmarks 5, 7, the beak deleted landmarks 5, 25; 27 Landmarks: upper and lower beak remove landmark 5. Using LaSEC method to quantitatively analyze the number of landmarks and samples, it is possible to propose a quantitative scheme to maximize the representation of morphological variation and centroid size. In addition, after analyzing the optimal number of landmarks, it is still necessary to combine the morphological variation map of the overall study sample, and according to the different types of landmarks definition, on the basis of ensuring the integrity of the pattern appropriate removal of small pattern variation points. Through a variety of considerations to clarify the beak landmark scheme, for the follow-up based on the landmark method of the head-foot beak morphology research to provide a scientific basis.

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王超,方舟.2021.头足类角质颚地标点定量初步研究: 以剑尖枪乌贼为例.动物学杂志,56(5):756-769.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-04-01
  • 最后修改日期:2021-08-17
  • 录用日期:2021-08-17
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-10-09
  • 出版日期: 2021-10-20