贵州花溪大学城破碎化林地中鸟类群落的小岛屿效应
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国家自然科学基金委员会–贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(No. U1812401),贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础– ZK[2021]一般098)


Small-island Effect in Bird Assemblages on Fragmented Woodlots in Huaxi University Areas, Guizhou, China
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    摘要:

    小岛屿效应打破了传统的种-面积关系认知,是当前岛屿生物地理学与生境破碎化领域的研究热点之一。然而,目前的研究缺乏以人类干扰度较高的城市破碎化生境为载体来探究小岛屿效应问题。本研究以贵州花溪大学城30个面积0.25 ~ 290.40 hm2的残存自然林地为研究区,在2017至2021年的鸟类繁殖季对林地中的鸟类进行调查。共记录到鸟类98种,隶属于11目41科。剔除高空飞行、非森林鸟类及偶然出现的物种后,不同斑块中的鸟类物种数介于12至49种之间,平均每个斑块24种。在R软件中利用“sars”包构建4种关键种-面积回归模型发现,先平后升的两段式回归模型是预测种-面积关系的最佳模型。该模型显示,在面积阈值1.16 hm2之上,物种丰富度随着面积的增加逐渐增多,符合传统岛屿生物地理学提出的面积效应;但是,在面积阈值1.16 hm2之下,物种丰富度不随面积发生显著变化,表现出小岛屿效应的特征。小岛屿效应的形成可能与喀斯特特殊地貌环境、食物资源或“中转站”、“垫脚石”等生态功能相关,其具体发生机制尚有待进一步研究。根据本研究结果,建议在城市规划建设时尽可能保护自然林地并设计绿色过渡带,在优先保护大林地斑块的同时不应忽视对具有重要生态价值的小林地斑块的保护。

    Abstract:

    [Objectives] The small-island effect (SIE), which challenges the understanding of the traditional species-area relationship (SAR), has become one of the hot topics in the field of island biogeography and habitat fragmentation. However, the existing researches have neglected to explore the SIE in fragmented urban habitats with high intensity of human disturbance. Our study examined SIE in bird assemblages on 30 fragmented woodlots (0.25﹣290.40 hm2) in Huaxi University Areas, Guizhou, Southwestern China (Fig. 1). [Methods] We downloaded Google imagery of the study area and used ArcGIS 10.7 to outline the boundaries of the 30 woodlots and calculate the area of each woodlot. We used the line-transect method to survey breeding birds on the 30 fragmented woodlots during the breeding seasons from 2017 to 2021, with the length of line-transects established (82.5﹣7 073.7 m) roughly proportional to the woodlots’ area. We employed package “sars” in R to construct four key regression models (i.e., the left-horizontal with one-threshold model, the continuous with one-threshold model, the linear model and the null model) to predict species-area relationship, and used the Akaike’s information criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc) to determine the most plausible model. [Results] Totally, we surveyed each line transect 11 times and recorded 98 bird species belonging to 11 orders and 41 families. Excluding high-flying birds, non-forest dwelling birds, and species that were recorded only once, the number of bird species recorded in different woodlots ranged from 12 to 49, with an average of 24 species per woodlot. Among the four key regression models we constructed, the left-horizontal with one threshold regression model, which had the lowest AICc value, was the best model for predicting species-area relationship, and the difference in AICc value between it and the next best model was more than 2 (Table 1). The results indicated the left-horizontal with one threshold regression model was the most plausible model for predicting species-area relationship. The model showed that above the area threshold of 1.16 hm2, the species richness increased with the woodlot’s area (Fig. 2), consistent with the area effect proposed by the traditional island biogeography. Whereas, below the area threshold of 1.16 hm2, species richness did not change significantly with the area (Fig. 2), suggesting a SIE. [Conclusion] In conclusion, our study revealed the existence of SIE in bird assemblages in Huaxi University Areas, Guizhou. We speculate that the emergence of SIE in bird assemblages may be related to the unique karst environment, food resources, and ecological function of “transfer station” and “stepping stone”. Although further studies that target at examining the underlying mechanisms for the SIE are needed, we suggest that habitats protection and fragmentation greenways as strategies in urban planning and construction and that protecting small woodlots with important ecological value should not be neglected while giving priority to the protection of large woodlots.

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朱芸,盛尚,郑进凤,伍素,张凯,徐雨.2022.贵州花溪大学城破碎化林地中鸟类群落的小岛屿效应.动物学杂志,57(2):205-212.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-01
  • 最后修改日期:2022-03-03
  • 录用日期:2022-03-01
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-03-28
  • 出版日期: 2022-04-20