[Objectives] Small mammals are important vehicles and can diffuse many diseases. Their population distribution is affected by the urbanization effect. The urbanization process would change the living environment and food resources of small mammals, resulting in habitat fragmentation, which leads to the aggregation and distribution of wild small mammals in the remaining agricultural areas and parks. Small mammals in agricultural areas have access to more food and habitats and may be more diverse and abundant than those in parks. In addition, the diversity composition and spatiotemporal variation of small mammals in Chancheng District of Foshan City and other southern regions may have different patterns. Understanding these patterns is an important support for the prevention and control of small mammals. Therefore, taking Chancheng District of Foshan City as an example, this paper studied the species and distribution characteristics of small mammals remaining in fragmented agricultural areas and parks caused by urbanization, and discussed the seasonal fluctuation trends of small mammals, which could also be used for the prevention and control of small mammals and their infectious diseases. [Methods] In December 2020 and the second half of April, July and October 2021, the samples were collected by trapping method in parks and agricultural areas in four seasons. The species information was determined, and the relative population density was reflected by the capture rate. The differences of capture rates between different seasons and agricultural areas and parks were compared. The capture rate was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and t test with the total capture rate, rodent capture rate, and Suncus murinus capture rate. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Community ecological indices were represented by Richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and Simpson index. [Results] A total of 1 843 clips were effectively placed, and 244 small mammals were captured from 7 species, 4 genera, 2 families, 2 orders. The S. murinus of the Eulipotyphla accounted for 48.77% of the total captured animals; the dominant species of rodents were Rattus andamanensis (20.90%) and Mus caroli (18.03%). S. murinus, R. andamanensis and M. caroli were captured in four seasons, while Bandicota indica was caught only in summer and winter, and R. norvegicus only in spring and winter. In addition, R. andamanensis, M. caroli, R. losea and S. murinus were mainly distributed in parks and agricultural areas. However, R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi were distributed in agricultural areas (Table 1). In this investigation, the R. andamanensis was a new record in Foshan City, and the M. caroli was a new record in Chancheng District. In terms of faunal distribution, except R. norvegicus, which is a widespread species, the rest are all Oriental species. The total capture rate of the four surveys was 13.28% ± 0.93%, including 6.78% ± 0.81% for rodents and 6.49% ± 0.66% for S. murinus. There was no significant difference in the total and the S. murinus capture rate with seasonal changes, while the capture rate of rodents had a certain range of seasonal changes, and there was a significant difference between December and April (P = 0.046), the seasonal change of capture rate did not show a typical bimodal curve, mainly showing a significant increase in October, believed to be affected by food and habitat change. The total and rodent capture rate were both slightly higher in the parks than in the agricultural areas, while the S. murinus capture rate was slightly lower than in the agricultural areas, but the difference was not significant (Table 2). The richness index and Simpson index in December were the highest, while the Pielou index was the lowest. The Shannon index was the highest and the Simpson index was the lowest in April. The Pielou index in October was the highest, and the Richness index and Shannon index were the lowest. The Richness index and Shannon index of the parks were lower than those of the agricultural areas, but the Pielou index and Simpson index were slightly higher than those of the agricultural areas (Table 3). [Conclusion] In conclusion, compared with the conventional monitoring in the densely populated residential areas of Chancheng District, Foshan City, more species of wild small mammals were captured in the habitats of parks and agricultural areas in this study. It was found that the dominant species such as S. murinus, R. andamanensis and M. caroli accounted for 87.70% of the total captured species, and the population density was relatively high and showed a certain seasonal change. At the same time, the diversity of small mammals in agricultural habitats was significantly higher than that in parks. The capture rate of rodents in the park is high and the dominant species are obvious, and the potential risk of rodent-borne diseases is higher than that in the agricultural areas. Continuous monitoring and prevention should be strengthened in the future to provide scientific support for the prevention and control of small mammals and infectious diseases in the area.